Prior accent exposure to familiar accents or short-term adaptation to accents thus results in clear processing advantages. When we hear a word produced in a familiar accent, acoustic-phonetic cues normally conform to this word's mental representation, which is formed by previously encountered versions of this word, and thus word recognition usually succeeds. For adults and children alike, the impact of these perceptual difficulties is lowered by experience with a particular accent over a long period of time (adults: Hanulíková & Weber, Reference Hanulíková and Weber2012 Porretta, Tucker, & Järvikivi, Reference Porretta, Tucker and Järvikivi2016 Sumner & Samuel Reference Sumner and Samuel2009 Witteman, Weber, & McQueen, Reference Witteman, Weber and McQueen2013 children: Floccia, Delle Luche, Durrant, Butler, & Goslin, Reference Floccia, Delle Luche, Durrant, Butler and Goslin2012 Kitamura, Panneton, & Best, Reference Kitamura, Panneton and Best2013 Leung, Reference Leung2012) or after short-term exposure (adults: Clarke & Garrett, Reference Clarke and Garrett2004 Maye, Aslin, & Tannenhaus, Reference Maye, Aslin and Tanenhaus2008 children: Schmale, Cristia, & Seidl, Reference Schmale, Cristia and Seidl2012 Van Heugten & Johnson, Reference Van Heugten and Johnson2014). ![]() We know from previous studies that both adults (Bradlow & Bent, Reference Bradlow and Bent2008) and children (Bent, Reference Bent2014 Bent & Atagi, Reference Bent and Atagi2015) have greater difficulty recognizing words in accented speech than in unaccented speech. Bilingual children are defined here as those who understand or speak one or more language(s) other than German and started learning German before the age of six.Įxperiential factors in the processing of accented speech Footnote 1 Monolingual children are defined here as those children who grew up understanding and speaking a German local variety (up to the age of six, when some of them might have been enrolled in foreign language courses at school). More specifically, we examine how monolingual and bilingual children process an unfamiliar regional and foreign accent depending on the type and amount of accent experience. ![]() In the present study, we examine the effects of experience with variable native and non-native speech on children's processing of unfamiliar accents. The type of variation children experience and how frequently they are exposed to variable speech differs considerably across families. Home language use may be limited to one language (e.g., Standard German), but globally the more frequent case is that more than one language as well as regional or foreign accents are spoken in the family (Grosjean, Reference Grosjean2010). Please contact us if you have any further questions.Many children grow up hearing different languages and various regional or foreign accents. Your keyboard doesn't use the same alphabet as that of the language assessed: Maintain the letter "e" selected for a few seconds. Various accent variations will appear, allowing you to select the right accent.įor Mac, hold down your mouse over the given letter.įor example: If you have an American keyboard and you want to type "é", follow these simple steps. ![]() To use an accent, hold down your mouse on the letter. You will then be able to display the keyboard by clicking on the keyboard icon which displays on the bar in the bottom-right. To display it, right-click on the taskbar below, click on "Toolbar" and then on "Touch Keyboard". You can use the accents and special characters under Windows by using the "virtual keyboard". You have a Latin alphabet keyboard but the accents are missing : Instructions are available for Windows and Mac OS. ![]() The accents don't significantly impact the Pipplet evaluation, however, if you don't have accents on your physical keyboard other solutions exist.īelow are instructions to display a virtual keyboard of the correct language on your computer. To take the Pipplet test you may need to type specific characters that are not on your keyboard.įor example: You have a French Keyboard and need to enter a Spanish ñ.Īn easy solution to overcome this issue is to display a “virtual keyboard” on your screen in which all the required characters will be available. How to type in accented letters when you don’t have them on your keyboard?
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